Nightlife in LiJiang 丽江, YunNan province

Early morning in the Temple of Heaven (TianTan) park ...

Bright yellow canola fields and karst hills ... The HaNi rice terraces ... Above the clouds ... ShiPing Tofu (DoFu) ... YunNans's street food markets ... The Muslim minority in YunNan ...

The Hakka Tulou are unique, fortress-like buildings located in the mountainous areas of Fujian Province. These large, circular or rectangular earthen structures were built by the Hakka people, an ethnic group known for their migratory history. The Tulou are notable for their communal living spaces, defensive features, and remarkable architectural design. Who are the Hakka People? The Hakka are a subgroup of the Han Chinese, known for their migratory history and resilience. Originating from northern China, the Hakka migrated southwards over several centuries, settling in the mountainous regions of southern China. The name "Hakka" means "guest people," reflecting their history of migration and settlement in new areas. Hakka culture places a strong emphasis on education, family unity, and community cooperation. Despite facing hardships and displacement, the Hakka have maintained their unique cultural identity and traditions. Historical and Cultural Background Origins and History The construction of Tulou began during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and continued through the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) Dynasties. These buildings were designed to provide protection and communal living for large families or clans, often housing up to 80 families in a single Tulou. Cultural Significance The Tulou reflect the Hakka people's need for security and their communal lifestyle. The buildings are designed to be self-sufficient, with living quarters, storage areas, and defensive structures all incorporated into the design. The Hakka culture values family unity, and the Tulou are a physical manifestation of this principle. Architectural Features Design and Structure Tulou are typically large, multi-storied structures built with thick earthen walls that provide insulation and protection. The outer walls are made from rammed earth, mixed with stone, bamboo, and wood, making them extremely durable. The interiors are organized around a central courtyard, with rooms for living, storage, and communal activities. Defensive Capabilities The design of the Tulou includes defensive features such as narrow windows and a single, reinforced entrance. These elements were intended to protect the inhabitants from bandits and wild animals. The circular shape of many Tulou also allows for effective communication and defense within the building. Communal and Social Aspects Living Arrangements The Tulou were built to house entire clans, with each family having its own designated area within the structure. The central courtyard served as a communal space for social activities, celebrations, and meetings. This layout fostered a strong sense of community and cooperation among the inhabitants. Self-Sufficiency The Tulou were designed to be self-sufficient, with areas designated for food storage, livestock, and agricultural activities. This self-sufficiency was essential, as the Tulou were often located in remote, mountainous areas where resources needed to be carefully managed. UNESCO World Heritage Status Recognition In 2008, several Fujian Tulou were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This recognition highlights their architectural uniqueness, cultural significance, and historical importance. The Tulou are considered outstanding examples of communal living and defensive architecture. Conservation Efforts Efforts to preserve the Tulou focus on maintaining the traditional construction techniques and protecting the buildings from modern threats such as tourism pressure and environmental degradation. These efforts aim to ensure that the Tulou remain a living part of Hakka culture. Conclusion The Hakka Tulou are extraordinary structures that embody the resilience, ingenuity, and communal spirit of the Hakka people. These architectural marvels continue to stand as a testament to the Hakka's ability to adapt and thrive in challenging environments. As both historical treasures and vibrant communities, the Tulou attract visitors from around the world, offering a glimpse into a unique way of life. With How To Do? In China ...

Shaolin Temple is located near the base of SongShan Mountain near DengFeng in Henan province and is the cradle of ShaoLin Kung Fu Buddhist culture. The live show is located in DaiXian Valley, 7 kilometers from the ShaoLin Temple and ten kilometers south of DengFeng in ZhengZhou city. Performances: 20:00 - 21:15 between mid-March and mid-November. Awesome ...

Provincial capital of FuJian, east China.

'An Outrage' : House passes largest military budget in generations - with Democracy Now / William Hartung ... Preparing you for war - with The New Atlas ... On the phony 'Uyghur Tribunal', with The New Atlas ... On the China - Laos high speed railway ... On the new national highway in Cambodia ... Is Russia really planning a war in Ukraine - or is Washington? - with The Grayzone and Scott Ritter ... With YChina ... With Martin Jacques talking with Jie Qiong ... On 'Russian aggression' ... On Nicaragua ... China 2021 review - with Pascal Coppens ... With Martin Jacques ... The critical need for independent media - with Glenn Greenwald ... 'Who rules America? The dangerous concentration of power and wealth in the American elite', with George Domhoff (and this is from the late sixties); the reality behind 'democracy'. Don't miss it ...

Filmed in 2013. BeiJing, Forbidden City and Great Wall - ZhangJiaJie, National Forest Park and WuLingYuan Scenic Area - YangShuo, Li River - Shangri-La, SongZanLin Monastery and BaLaGeZong - ShanGri-La - Grand Canyon National Park - Tiger Leaping Gorge - YangTse River - LiJiang, Old Town - Hong Kong.

An indoor garden lifestyle, in BeiJing ...