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The Hakka Tulou are unique, fortress-like buildings located in the mountainous areas of Fujian Province. These large, circular or rectangular earthen structures were built by the Hakka people, an ethnic group known for their migratory history. The Tulou are notable for their communal living spaces, defensive features, and remarkable architectural design. Who are the Hakka People? The Hakka are a subgroup of the Han Chinese, known for their migratory history and resilience. Originating from northern China, the Hakka migrated southwards over several centuries, settling in the mountainous regions of southern China. The name "Hakka" means "guest people," reflecting their history of migration and settlement in new areas. Hakka culture places a strong emphasis on education, family unity, and community cooperation. Despite facing hardships and displacement, the Hakka have maintained their unique cultural identity and traditions. Historical and Cultural Background Origins and History The construction of Tulou began during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and continued through the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) Dynasties. These buildings were designed to provide protection and communal living for large families or clans, often housing up to 80 families in a single Tulou. Cultural Significance The Tulou reflect the Hakka people's need for security and their communal lifestyle. The buildings are designed to be self-sufficient, with living quarters, storage areas, and defensive structures all incorporated into the design. The Hakka culture values family unity, and the Tulou are a physical manifestation of this principle. Architectural Features Design and Structure Tulou are typically large, multi-storied structures built with thick earthen walls that provide insulation and protection. The outer walls are made from rammed earth, mixed with stone, bamboo, and wood, making them extremely durable. The interiors are organized around a central courtyard, with rooms for living, storage, and communal activities. Defensive Capabilities The design of the Tulou includes defensive features such as narrow windows and a single, reinforced entrance. These elements were intended to protect the inhabitants from bandits and wild animals. The circular shape of many Tulou also allows for effective communication and defense within the building. Communal and Social Aspects Living Arrangements The Tulou were built to house entire clans, with each family having its own designated area within the structure. The central courtyard served as a communal space for social activities, celebrations, and meetings. This layout fostered a strong sense of community and cooperation among the inhabitants. Self-Sufficiency The Tulou were designed to be self-sufficient, with areas designated for food storage, livestock, and agricultural activities. This self-sufficiency was essential, as the Tulou were often located in remote, mountainous areas where resources needed to be carefully managed. UNESCO World Heritage Status Recognition In 2008, several Fujian Tulou were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This recognition highlights their architectural uniqueness, cultural significance, and historical importance. The Tulou are considered outstanding examples of communal living and defensive architecture. Conservation Efforts Efforts to preserve the Tulou focus on maintaining the traditional construction techniques and protecting the buildings from modern threats such as tourism pressure and environmental degradation. These efforts aim to ensure that the Tulou remain a living part of Hakka culture. Conclusion The Hakka Tulou are extraordinary structures that embody the resilience, ingenuity, and communal spirit of the Hakka people. These architectural marvels continue to stand as a testament to the Hakka's ability to adapt and thrive in challenging environments. As both historical treasures and vibrant communities, the Tulou attract visitors from around the world, offering a glimpse into a unique way of life. With How To Do? In China ...

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With MisterVaughn ... Welcome to BeiWangShan Forest Park Discover the natural beauty and tranquility of Beiwangshan Forest Park in Beijing. Introduction Beiwangshan Forest Park, located in Beijing, is a beautiful natural retreat offering a peaceful environment away from the hustle and bustle of city life. It is known for its lush greenery, scenic views, and diverse wildlife. Location Beiwangshan Forest Park is situated in the north-west part of Beijing, making it easily accessible from the city center. History Beiwangshan Forest Park was established in the late 20th century as part of Beijing's efforts to enhance urban green spaces and promote ecological conservation. The park has since become a popular destination for locals and tourists alike, offering a natural escape within the bustling city. The development of the park included extensive tree planting, trail construction, and the establishment of various facilities to support outdoor activities and environmental education. Over the years, it has grown into a mature forest park, celebrated for its biodiversity and scenic beauty. Attractions Scenic Trails: Explore numerous hiking trails that offer stunning views of the forest and surrounding areas. Observation Decks: Enjoy panoramic views from various observation decks situated within the park. Flora and Fauna: Witness a rich diversity of plant and animal species. Picnic Areas: Relax and have a meal in designated picnic spots. Activities Hiking and Nature Walks Bird Watching Photography Picnicking Camping (seasonal) Facilities Visitor Center Restrooms Parking Lots Food Stalls Guided Tour Services Visitor Tips Wear comfortable shoes for hiking. Bring enough water and snacks. Respect the natural environment; do not litter. Check the weather forecast before your visit. Follow park regulations and guidelines.

With Feeding Foca ... Welcome to KunMing: The Spring City KunMing, the capital of YunNan province, is known for its pleasant climate, rich history, and stunning natural scenery. This guide will help you explore the best of what KunMing has to offer. Top Attractions in KunMing Stone Forest (Shilin) A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Stone Forest is a remarkable natural wonder featuring towering limestone formations. It's located about 90 kilometers from KunMing and is a must-visit for nature lovers. Dianchi Lake Dianchi Lake, also known as KunMing Lake, is the largest freshwater lake in Yunnan. Visitors can enjoy boating, walking along the lakeside, and visiting nearby temples. Green Lake Park (Cuihu Park) Located in the heart of KunMing, Green Lake Park is a peaceful retreat with beautiful lotus ponds, pavilions, and walking paths. It's a great spot for relaxation and people-watching. Yuantong Temple Yuantong Temple is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in KunMing, dating back over 1,200 years. The temple features a unique layout with a large pond in the center and beautiful architecture. Local Cuisine KunMing is famous for its diverse and flavorful cuisine. Here are some must-try dishes: Crossing the Bridge Noodles (Guo Qiao Mi Xian) A traditional Yunnan dish consisting of a bowl of hot broth, rice noodles, and various toppings like meat, vegetables, and herbs. The dish is served with the ingredients separate, allowing you to mix them as you like. Steam Pot Chicken (Qi Guo Ji) This dish is cooked in a unique clay pot that traps steam, resulting in tender and flavorful chicken. It's often served with medicinal herbs for added health benefits. Yunnan Rice Cakes (Er Kuai) These chewy rice cakes are a staple in Yunnan cuisine. They can be stir-fried, grilled, or served in soups. Transportation KunMing is well-connected and easy to navigate. Here are some transportation options: KunMing Changshui International Airport The airport is located about 25 kilometers from the city center and offers domestic and international flights. Taxis and airport shuttles are available for transportation to the city. Public Buses KunMing has an extensive public bus network that covers most of the city. Buses are affordable and a convenient way to get around. Metro KunMing's metro system is modern and efficient, with several lines connecting key areas of the city. It's a great option for avoiding traffic. Taxis and Ride-Hailing Taxis are widely available, and ride-hailing apps are popular in KunMing. They offer a convenient way to travel, especially for shorter distances. Best Time to Visit KunMing is known as the "Spring City" due to its mild climate year-round. However, the best time to visit is from March to October, when the weather is most pleasant and the flowers are in full bloom. Tips for Visitors Wear comfortable shoes, as many attractions involve walking or hiking. Bring sunscreen and a hat, as the sun can be strong, especially at higher altitudes. Learn a few basic Mandarin phrases, as English is not widely spoken outside tourist areas. Respect local customs and traditions, especially when visiting temples and religious sites. Enjoy your trip to KunMing!

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HaiDian Christian Church, North-West BeiJing, outdoor tree lighting sing and dance, 2014 ... Whatever your vision or path, be true (good), and share the joy of life (that's Love) !

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